Analisis Ekonomi Hijau dan Variabel Makroekonomi Terhadap Emisi Karbon
Keywords:
green bonds, trade in low carbon technology products, financial development, foreign direct investment, GMMAbstract
Emisi karbon merupakan tantangan global yang mempengaruhi hampir semua negara, termasuk negara berkembang, sehingga diperlukan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Inisiatif ini dimulai dengan Perjanjian Paris yang mengharuskan negara peserta menetapkan target pembatasan suhu untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim, sesuai dengan SDGs 13 tentang aksi iklim. Dalam mendukung transisi menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan, berbagai negara mengadopsi ekonomi hijau. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh Obligasi Hijau dan Perdagangan Produk Teknologi Rendah Karbon sebagai instrumen ekonomi hijau, serta Perkembangan Keuangan dan Investasi Langsung Asing terhadap emisi karbon pada periode 2017–2021. Metode yang digunakan adalah Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Obligasi Hijau dan Perdagangan Produk Teknologi Rendah Karbon memberikan pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap emisi karbon, meskipun dampaknya relatif rendah. Sebaliknya, Perkembangan Keuangan dan Investasi Langsung Asing memberikan kontribusi positif signifikan terhadap peningkatan emisi karbon, hal ini mencerminkan masih ada ketergantungan energi fosil di negara berkembang. Temuan ini menjelaskan perlunya adanya percepatan transisi ekonomi.
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