Do Narcissistic Traits Influence How Millennials Lead?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35384/jemp.v10i1.527Keywords:
Millennials, Team, Organization, Narcissism, Leadership Emergence, Leadership effectiveness, LeadershipAbstract
Narsisme, yang termasuk dalam konsep triad gelap, merupakan ciri kepribadian yang sangat penting dalam bidang psikologi organisasi. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan dampak positif dan negatif di tempat kerja, terutama bagi mereka yang menduduki posisi kepemimpinan. Bukti yang ada menunjukkan adanya peningkatan karakteristik narsistik di kalangan kelompok milenial. Ketika generasi milenial mengambil peran yang lebih penting dalam dunia kerja dan posisi kepemimpinan dalam tim, para praktisi harus memahami lebih dalam tentang karakteristik mereka. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak narsisme terhadap perkembangan dan efektivitas kepemimpinan pada kelompok mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah total populasi sampling dengan melibatkan 112 responden yang memenuhi kriteria partisipasi yang telah ditentukan. Data survei yang meliputi NPI-40, GLI, kuesioner efektivitas kepemimpinan, dan wawancara mengungkapkan adanya korelasi positif antara narsisme dan perkembangan kepemimpinan. Kesimpulan tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai t-statistik sebesar 3,901, berada di atas nilai krusial sebesar 1,96. Namun, analisis menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara narsisme dan efektivitas kepemimpinan di antara peserta penelitian. Temuan tersebut didukung oleh nilai t-statistik sebesar 0,604 yang berada di bawah ambang batas kritis sebesar 1,96.
References
Acton, B. P., Foti, R. J., Lord, R. G., & Gladfelter, J. G. (2019). Putting emergence back in leadership emergence: A dynamic, multilevel process-oriented framework. The Leadership Quarterly. Retrieved January 7, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.002
Allroggen, Marc & Rehmann, Peter & Schürch, Eva & C. Morf, Carolyn & Koelch, Michael. (2018). The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Comparative Study. Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie. 46. 1-7. 10.1024/1422-4917/a000588.
Ali, Hasanuddin & Purwandi, Lilik. (2016). Indonesia 2020: The Urban Middle-Class Millennials. Alvara Research Center.
Anderson, Heather & Baur, John & Griffith, Jennifer & Buckley, M. (2016). What Works for You May Not Work for (Gen)Me: Limitations of Present Leadership Theories for the New Generation. The Leadership Quarterly. (Online) Retrieved on December 17, 2018, from https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.leaqua.2016.08.001
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Hasil SP 2020: Jumlah Penduduk menurut Kelompok Umur (Generasi).2020, Retrieved on July 24, 2021, https://magelangkab.bps.go.id/indicator/ 12/ 882/1/hasil-sp2020-jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kelompok-umur-generasi.html
Backert, R. G. (2004). A Nonlinear Approach to Gender Bias in Leadership Emergence Perceptions. Retrieved on January 11, 2019, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e4e5/03701955851c7e9bd77a655b59f460e1091e.pdf
Balaji, Vaidhyanatha. (2014). A Study on Sub-Clinical Narcissistic Personality Score and Its Relationship with Academic Performance-An Indian Experience. Asian Social Science. 11. 96. 10.5539/ass.v11n2p96
Brailoyskaia, Julia, and Bierhoff, Hans-Werner, (2020), The Narcissistic Millennial Generation: A Study of Personality Traits and Online Behavior on Facebook, Journal of Adult Development, 27(12)
Braun, S. (2017). Leader Narcissism and Outcomes in Organizations: A Review at Multiple Levels of Analysis and Implications for Future Research. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 773.
Cherry, Kendra. (2019). Understanding the Trait Theory of Leadership. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-trait-theory-of-leadership-2795322
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach for Structural Equation Modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Methodology for business and management. Modern methods for business research (pp. 295-336). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Contu, Alessia & Pecis, Lara. (2017). Introducing Organizational Behaviour and Management (Chapter 4: Groups and Teams at Work). Retrieved on June 14, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312188434_Groups_and_teams_at_work
Cortellazzo, Laura, Bruni, Elena, and Zampieri, Rita, (2019), The Role of Leadership in Digitalized World: A Review, Frontiers in Psychology, August 27, 2019
Dasborough, Marie T., et.al, (2021), Does leadership still not need emotional intelligence? Continuing “The Great EI Debate”, The Leadership Quarterly, July 7, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021. 101539
Day, David V. and Dragoni, Lisa. (2015). Leadership Development: An Outcome-Oriented Review Based on Time and Levels of Analyses. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 2015 2:1, 133-156
Douglas, M. (2015). Sources of data. Retrieved January 10, 2019 from http://www.onlineetymologydictionary/data
Etikan, Ilker. (2016). Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics. 5. 1. 10.11648/ j.ajtas. 20160501.11 .
Fatfouta, Ramzi. (2018). Facets of narcissism and leadership: A tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?. Human Resource Management Review. 10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.10.002.
Felty, Ryan & G. Whitaker, Brian & Bergman, Shawn & Bergman, Jacqueline. (2015). The longitudinal influence of narcissism in the team context. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior. 18. 147-176. 10.1108/IJOTB-18-02-2015-B001.
Ghozali, I. & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares : Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi. Menggunakan SmartPLS 3.0, Edisi 2. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.
Grijalva, E. & Harms, P. D. (2014). Narcissism: An integrative synthesis and dominance complementarity model. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(2), 108-127.
Grijalva, E., Harms, P. D., Newman, D. A., Gaddis, B. H., Fraley, R. C. (2015). Narcissism and leadership: A meta-analytic review of linear and nonlinear relationships. Personnel Psychology, 68(1), 1–47.
Hackbarth, Natalie. (2017). There's No "I" in Team: Performance Management is Changing Focus from Individuals to Networks of Teams. Retrieved on 6 June 2018 from https://www.quantumworkplace.com/future-of-work/theres-no-i-in-team-performance-management-is-changing-focus-from-individuals-to-networks-of-teams.
Heerwagen, Judith. (2016). The Changing Nature of Organizations, Work, And Workplace. Retrieved on June 14, 2018 from https://www.wbdg.org/resources/changing-nature-organizations-work-and-workplace
I. Norton Jr, W., L. Ueltschy Murfield, M., & S. Baucus, M. (2014). Leader emergence: the development of a theoretical framework. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 35(6), 513–529.
Ivankova, N. V. (2015). Mixed Methods Applications in Action Research: From Methods to Community Action. USA: SAGE Publications.
Kaiser, R., Hogan, R., & Craig, S. (2008). Leadership and the Fate of Organizations. American Psychologist, 63, 96-100.
Kanbur, E. (2018). Effects of Narcissism on Organizational Dissent. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 3(1), 169-181. Retrieved on January 12, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329487677_Effects_of_Narcissism_on_Organizational_Dissent
Kumar, R. (2014) Research Methodology Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners 4th Edition. SAGE Publications, London.
Konrath, Sara & Meier, Brian & Bushman, Brad. (2014). Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). PloS one. 9. e103469. 10.1371/journal.pone. 0103469.
Kwok, Navio & Hanig, Samuel & Brown, Douglas & Shen, Winny. (2018). How Leader Role Identity Influences the Process of Leader Emergence: A Social Network Analysis. The Leadership Quarterly. 29. 10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.04.003.
Laerd Dissertation (2012) Purposive Sampling. Retrieved on April 6, 2019, from http://dissertation.laerd.com/ purposive-sampling.php.
Lord, R. G., Foti, R. J., & de Vader, C. L. (1984). A Test of Leadership Categorization Theory: Internal Structure, Information Processing, and Leadership Perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance., 34, 343-378.
Lowder, B. T. (2007). Five Dimensions of Effective Leadership: A Meta-Analysis of Leadership Attributes & Behaviors. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Lyons, Minna. (2019). The Dark Triad of Personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy in Everyday Life (1st ed.). London: Academic Press Elsevier Inc.
Lyons, S. and Kuron, L. (2014), Generational Differences in the Workplace: A review of the Evidence and Directions for Future Research. J. Organiz. Behaviour., 35: S139-S157.
Madanchian, M., Hussein, N., Noordin, F., & Taherdoost, H. (2017). Leadership Effectiveness Measurement and Its Effect on Organization Outcomes. Procedia Engineering, 181, 1043-1048.
Mainah, Fredah & Perkins, Vernita. (2014). Narcissism in Organizational Leadership. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290441803_Narcissism_in_Organizational_Leadership
Mankowitz, Scott. (2018). Clinical Informatics Board Review and Self-Assessment. New Jersey: Springer International publishing AG.
McDermott, David. (n.d.). Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Retrieved on January 11, 2019, from https://www.decision-making-confidence.com/narcissistic-personality-inventory.html
Miller, Brian & M. Nicols, Kay & Clark, Silvia & Daniels, Alison & Grant, Whitney. (2018). Meta-analysis of coefficient alpha for scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. PLOS ONE. 13. e0208331.
Myers, K. K., & Sadaghiani, K. (2010). Millennials in the Workplace: A Communication Perspective on Millennials' Organizational Relationships and Performance. Journal of business and psychology, 25(2), 225–238. Retrieved on December 17, 2018, from doi:10.1007/s10869-010-9172-7
Namazi, Mohammad & Namazi, Navid. (2016). Conceptual Analysis of Moderator and Mediator Variables in Business Research. Procedia Economics and Finance. 36. 540-554. 10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30064-8.
Nevicka, Barbara & De Hoogh, Annebel & Den Hartog, Deanne & Belschak, Frank. (2018). Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most. Frontiers in Psychology. 9.
Ng, Eddy & McGinnis Johnson, Jasmine. (2015). Millennials: Who Are They, how are they different, and why should we care?. The Multi-generational and Aging Workforce: Challenges and Opportunities. 121-137.
Ong, C. W., Roberts, R., Arthur, C. A., Woodman, T. and Akehurst, S. (2016), The Leader Ship Is Sinking: A Temporal Investigation of Narcissistic Leadership. Journal of Personality, 84: 237–247.
PwC. (2014). Next Gen Survey. PriceWaterhouseCoopers.
Puteh, Fadilah & Azman Ong, Mohd Hanafi. (2017). Quantitative Data Analysis: Choosing Between SPSS, PLS and AMOS in Social Science Research. 3. International Interdisciplinary Journal of Scientific Research. 14-25.
Raskin, R.; Terry, H. (1988). "A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 54(5), 890-902.
Research Team, P. (2019). Narcissistic Personality Quiz. Psych Central. Retrieved on January 9, 2019, from https://psychcentral.com/quizzes/narcissistic-personality-quiz/
Saputra, Ferry A. (2019). Internet Development in Indonesia: A Preview and Perception. https://www.cc.saga-u.ac.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PUB2003-14.pdf
Sedikides, C., & Keith Campbell, W. (2017). Narcissistic Force Meets Systemic Resistance: The Energy Clash Model. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(3), 400–421.
Serban, A., Yammarino, F. J., Dionne, S. D., Kahai, S. S., Hao, C., McHugh, K. A., ... & Peterson, D. R. (2015). Leadership Emergence in Face-to-Face and Virtual Teams: A Multi-level Model with Agent-based Simulations, Quasi-Experimental and Experimental Tests. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(3), 402-418.
Showkat, Nayeem & Parveen, Huma. (2017). Non-Probability and Probability Sampling. Retrieved on May 21, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319066480_Non-Probability_and_ Probability_Sampling/citation/download
Smith J. A., Foti R. J. (1998). A Pattern Approach to The Study of Leader Emergence. Leadership. Q. 9 147–160. 10.1016/S1048-9843(98)90002-9
Smith, T.J. and Nichols, T. (2015). Understanding the Millennial Generation. The Journal of Business Diversity, 15, 39-47.
Solomon, Anthony; Steyn, Renier. (2017). Leadership style and leadership effectiveness: Does cultural intelligence moderate the relationship?. Acta Commercii, [S.l.], v. 17, n. 1, p. 13 pages, june 2017. ISSN 1684-1999.
StatisticsSolutions. (2019). Moderator Variable. Retrieved on May 8, 2019, from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/directory-of-statistical-analyses-general-moderator-variable/
SYZYGY Global. (2016). The EgoTech Report 2016. Retrived on January 8, 2018, from https://media.szg.io/uploads/media/58945d2f06998/syzygy-egotech-report-2016.pdf
Tavares, Gustavo & Sobral, Filipe & Goldszmidt, Rafael & de Araujo, Felipe. (2018). Opening the Implicit Leadership Theories' Black Box: An Experimental Approach with Conjoint Analysis. Frontiers in Psychology. 9. 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00100.
Twenge, Jean & Konrath, Sara & Foster, Joshua & Campbell, W. Keith & Bushman, Brad. (2008). Further Evidence of an Increase in Narcissism Among College Students. Journal of personality. 76. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00509.x.
Twenge, J. M., Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2014). The narcissism epidemic: Commentary on Modernity and narcissistic personality disorder. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262073360_The_Narcissism_Epidemic_Commentary_on_Modernity_and_Narcissistic_Personality_Disorder
Winchester, C. L., & Salji, M. (2016). Writing a literature review. Journal of Clinical Urology, 9(5), 308–312.
Youth Radio. (2015). Are Teens Today More Narcissistic than Previous Generations? Retrieved on January 4, 2019, from https://ww2.kqed.org/education/2015/06/19/narcissism-me-generation/
Zaccaro, S. J., Foti, R. J., & Kenny, D. A. (1991). Self-monitoring and trait-based variance in leadership: An investigation of leader flexibility across multiple group situations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(2), 308-315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.2.308
Zell, Anne & Moeller, Lisa. (2017). Narcissism and “likes”: Entitlement/ Exploitativeness predicts both desire for and dissatisfaction with responses on Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences. 110. 70-73.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tinjung Desy Nursanti, Laksmi Sito Dwi Irvianti , Belinda Debora Kurniati , Reijaldy Lamdha Fandji
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work to acknowledge the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book) with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during submission. It can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work.