The Influence of Search Engines and Generative AI on Trust, Satisfaction, and Purchase Intention: An Experimental Study

Authors

  • Widyarso Roswinanto PPM College of Management
  • Heidi Maulani PPM College of Management

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35384/jime.v18i1.829

Keywords:

search engine, generative AI, trust, satisfaction, experiment, ANCOVA

Abstract

This study examines the effects of digital information search media (search engines versus generative AI) and product type (goods versus services) on consumer responses. Using a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design and ANCOVA analysis, data were collected from 146 respondents aged 20–40 years. The variables measured include trust, satisfaction, and purchase intention. The results show that media type has no significant effect on dependent variables, while product type significantly influences trust and satisfaction but not purchase intention. A significant interaction effect between media type and product type is found for trust and satisfaction, indicating that generative AI is preferred for goods, whereas both media perform similarly for services.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ameen, N., Tarhini, A., Reppel, A., & Anand, A. (2021). Customer experiences in the age of Artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior. 114, 106548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106548

Adinda, R., & Amalia, A. N. (2022). The influence of convenience, expediency, and trust on consumers’ decisions in using digital platforms as a means of paying zakat, Infaq, and alms. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & Ekonomika, 14(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.35384/jime.v14i1.291

Andriani, M., & Ariyani, D. (2024). The rise of digital influencer on Instagram to impact the brand engagement and Purchase Decision. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & dan Ekonomika, 16(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.35384/jime.v16i2.561

Basu, S. (2018). Information search in the internet markets: Experience Versus Search Goods. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 30, 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2018.05.004

C. Haridasan, A., Fernando, A. G., & Saju, B. (2021). A systematic review of consumer information search in online and online environments. RAUSP Management Journal, 56(2), 234–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/rausp-08-2019-0174

Chai, J. C., Malhotra, N. K., & Alpert, F. (2015). A two-dimensional model of trust–value–loyalty in service relationships. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 26, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.05.005

Chang, W., & Park, J. (2024). A comparative study on the effect of CHATGPT recommendation and AI recommender systems on the formation of a consideration set. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103743

Cladio, G., & Wardani, D. (2024). The influence of social media influencers, E-wom and perceived quality on purchase intention on e-commerce platforms (a study of Tiktok Shop among gen Z Jabodetabek. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & dan Ekonomika, 17(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.35384/jime.v17i1.627

Digital Marketing for Asia. (2025, October 7). Most Popular Search Engines Across APAC. https://www.digitalmarketingforasia.com/most-popular-search-engines-apac/

Emarketer. (2024, February 14). Share of search completed digitally vs. in-store among adults worldwide, by product category, Nov 2023 (% of total). https://www.emarketer.com/chart/266010/share-of-search-completed-digitally-vs-store-among-adults-worldwide-by-product-category-nov-2023-of-total

Gartner. (19 Februari 2024). Gartner predicts search engine volume will drop 25% by 2026, Due to AI Chatbots and other Virtual Agents.

https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-02-19-gartner-predicts-search-engine-volume-will-drop-25-percent-by-2026-due-to-ai-chatbots-and-other-virtual-agents

Giese, J. L., & Cote, J. A. (2002). Defining consumer satisfaction. Academy of Marketing Science Review, 2002(1), 1–27.

Hannagan, T. (1992). Marketing for the non-profit sector Tim Hannagan. Macmillan Education.

How Chatgpt and Our Foundation models are developed openai help center. (2025, May 20).

https://help.openai.com/en/articles/7842364-how-chatgpt-and-our-foundation-models-are-developed.

Huang, P., Lurie, N. H., & Mitra, S. (2009). Searching for experience on the web: An empirical examination of consumer behavior for search and experience goods. Journal of Marketing, 73(2), 55–69. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.2.55

Huang, P.-Y., Wang, C.-C., Tseng, Y.-Y., & Wang, R.-J. (2011). The impact of brand equity on customer’s purchase intention – taking perceived value as a moderating variable. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences, 32(3), 657–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2011.10700078

Jepsen, A. L. (2007). Factors affecting consumer use of the internet for information search. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(3), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20083

Jin, J.-H., & Han, J.-S. (2025). A phenomenological study on the experience of searching for tourism information following the emergence of chatgpt: Focused on the Uncanny Valley theory. Sustainability, 17(1), 355. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010355

Kabir, A.-A. (2019). Influence of search engine on consumer buying decision process for e-commerce purchase in Bangladesh (master’s thesis). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21229.40169

Kim, S., & Priluck, R. (2025). Consumer responses to Generative AI Chatbots versus search engine for product evaluation. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 20(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20020093

Komalasari, F., Christianto, A., & Ganiarto, E. (2021). Factors influencing purchase intention in affecting purchase decision: A study of e-commerce customer in Greater Jakarta. BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Dan Organisasi, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v28i1.1290

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2021). Marketing management (16th ed.). Pearson Education.

Lim, W. M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J. L., Pallant, J. I., & Pechenkina, E. (2023). Generative AI and the future of education: Ragnarök or reformation? A paradoxical perspective from management educators. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100790

Ling, S., Zheng, C., & Cho, D. (2023). How brand knowledge affects purchase intentions in fresh food e-commerce platforms: The serial mediation effect of perceived value and Brand Trust. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080672

Liu, L., Meng, J., & Yang, Y. (2024). LLM Technologies and Information Search. Journal of Economy and Technology, 2, 269–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ject.2024.08.007

Luhmann, N., Davis, H., Raffan, J., & Rooney, K. (1979). Trust ; and power: Two works by Niklas Luhmann. Wiley.

Lv, Z. (2023). Generative Artificial intelligence in the metaverse era. Cognitive Robotics, 3, 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogr.2023.06.001

Melero, I., & Montaner, T. (2016). Cause-related marketing: An experimental study about how the product type and the perceived fit may influence the consumer response. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 25(3), 161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redeen.2016.07.001

Mishra, A., Shukla, A., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). From “touch” to a “multisensory” experience: The impact of technology interface and product type on consumer responses. Psychology & Marketing, 38(3), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21436

Mothersbaugh, D., Kleiser, S. B., & Hawkins, D. (2024). Consumer behavior: Building marketing strategy, 15th edition. McGraw Hill.

Mudjahidin, Sholichah, N. L., Aristio, A. P., Junaedi, L., Saputra, Y. A., & Wiratno, S. E. (2022). Purchase intention through search engine marketing: E-marketplace provider in Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science, 197, 445–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.160

Pavlou, P. A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of Electronic Commerce: Integrating Trust and Risk with the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 7(3), 101–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2003.11044275

Petcharat, T., & Leelasantitham, A. (2021). A retentive consumer behavior assessment model of the online purchase decision-making process. Heliyon, 7(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08169

PWC. (2025, May 20). Global consumer insights pulse survey June 2023: Sharpening the pre-purchase consumer experience. PwC. https://www.pwc.com/id/en/industry-sectors/consumer-industrial-products-services/retail-consumer/gcis-pulse-june-2023

Romero-Charneco, M., Casado-Molina, A.-M., Alarcón-Urbistondo, P., & Cabrera Sánchez, J. P. (2025). Customer intentions toward the adoption of WhatsApp Chatbots for restaurant recommendations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology. 16(4), 784-816. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-01-2024-0024

Schwarz, W. (2025). The ANCOVA model for comparing two groups: A tutorial emphasizing statistical distribution theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1600764. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1600764

Shah, S. S. H., Aziz, J., Jaffari, A. R., Waris, S., Ejaz, W., Fatima, M., & Sherazi, S. K. (2012). The impact of brands on consumer purchase intentions. Asian Journal of Business Management, 4(2), 105–110.

Sohn, J. W., & Kim, J. K. (2020). Factors that influence purchase intentions in Social Commerce. Technology in Society, 63, 101365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101365

Yin, J., Qiu, X., & Wang, Y. (2025). The impact of AI-personalized recommendations on clicking intentions: Evidence from Chinese e-commerce. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 20(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer20010021

Downloads

Published

2025-12-24
Abstract Views: 73 | File Downloads: 34