Reformasi Kebijakan dan Model Tata Kelola Institusional untuk Akselerasi Adopsi IOT dan Blockchain pada Rantai Pasok Maritim Indonesia: Studi Kasus Pelabuhan di Jawa Barat
Keywords:
institutional governance, policy reform, blockchain, IoT, supply chain transparencyAbstract
Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia, Indonesia menghadapi tantangan fragmentasi logistik yang signifikan yang berdampak pada rendahnya transparansi dan tingginya asimetri informasi di sepanjang rantai pasok maritim. Transformasi digital melalui integrasi Internet of Things (IoT) dan blockchain menawarkan solusi untuk transparansi kargo secara real-time dan pengurangan penipuan dokumentasi, namun adopsinya sering terhambat oleh kesiapan institusional. Penelitian ini mengkaji model tata kelola institusional dan reformasi kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung teknologi ini, dengan fokus operasional pada pusat logistik di Jawa Barat, termasuk Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok (Jakarta) sebagai gerbang utama dan fasilitas penyimpanan dingin di Indramayu. Menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis tematik dan triangulasi data dari operator pelabuhan, manajer logistik, serta regulator, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi adanya kesenjangan yang mencolok antara kesiapan teknologi di tingkat praktisi dengan kesiapan regulasi di tingkat otoritas pemerintah. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa hambatan utama bukanlah keterbatasan teknis, melainkan inersia institusional dan kurangnya kerangka kerja hukum yang mengintegrasikan dokumentasi berbasis blockchain. Penelitian ini mengusulkan "Model Tata Kelola Konsorsium" yang difasilitasi oleh otoritas maritim pusat dan daerah untuk menyelaraskan strategi antar pemangku kepentingan dalam satu ekosistem digital terpadu.
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